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Flow state and deep learning when acquiring new skills (EHM)

Apr 08, 2024, Update: Apr 08, 2024, author: Everyoung.com
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"The term "flow state" and its conceptual foundation are of particular interest within the domains of psychology and neuroscience and, by extension, in many programs we develop at the Everyoung.com Research Center. The same is the case with Deep learning. This article aims to explain the difference between them, show the limitations of aiming for the flow state, and tell why we often need to use deep learning to acquire new skills."

1. The "Flow state"


The term "flow state" was coined by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in the 1970s. Csikszentmihalyi, a distinguished Hungarian-American psychologist, became intrigued by artists who would get so immersed in their work that they would lose track of time and even neglect basic needs.

This observation led him to investigate the phenomenon more broadly in art and various activities across different domains. His seminal work, "Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience," outlines his theory that individuals are most fulfilled when they are in a state of flow - a state of concentration or complete absorption with the activity at hand and the situation. It is characterized by a profound focus, a sense of ecstasy, clarity, intrinsic motivation, and temporal distortion, where hours may feel like minutes.

From a scientific perspective, the significance of the flow state is multifaceted. Research has shown that when individuals are in this state, they exhibit heightened creativity, productivity, and even learning capabilities. This can be attributed to the optimal arousal of their neurological systems, aligning their attention and emotions towards the task at hand, thus maximizing their cognitive functions. Studies employing neuroimaging techniques have observed changes in brain activity during flow states, including the reduction of activity in the prefrontal cortex, a phenomenon known as "transient hypofrontality." This reduction in activity contributes to the decrease in self-criticism and the increase in creativity.

Flow state and learning

Moreover, flow-state principles have been applied beyond psychology to areas such as education, where strategies to engage students in flow can enhance learning and motivation. In the workplace, fostering an environment that enables employees to experience flow states can boost satisfaction and productivity.

In the context of biomedical sciences and programs of Everyoung Health Method, understanding the flow state can inform approaches to mental health improvement, such as strategies for managing attention deficit disorders or depression, by incorporating tasks that facilitate flow. We have realized that in the realm of physical fitness and sports science, the concept of the flow state is particularly relevant. Athletes and, as a matter of fact, anyone who is into fitness often strive to achieve a state of flow to enhance performance and enjoyment in physical activities.

Training regimens incorporating flow-inducing elements, such as setting clear goals and providing immediate feedback, can improve motivation and outcomes. However, as we shall explain in more detail in this article, that only applies to situations where the person already has acquired the optimal baseline regarding skills needed to perform practicing.

Thus, the concept of the flow state (by Csikszentmihalyi) has profound implications across various disciplines.

2. Understanding "Deep work"


Deep work, a concept developed by Dr. Cal Newpor, has become a fundamental cornerstone of learning new skills in the Everyuoung Health Method. Let us see how that concept relates to the "flow" and its applications.

Dr. Cal Newport's concept of "deep work" and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's notion of "flow state" are both pivotal in understanding the nuances of human cognition, productivity, and peak performance within the contexts of biomedical sciences, learning, nutrition, metabolism, and the optimization of brain and workflow efficiency. While they share similarities in their emphasis on intense focus and high productivity, they are distinguished by their underlying principles, conditions for engagement, and the outcomes they emphasize.

Deep Work background

In his book "Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World," Dr. Cal Newport defines deep work as the ability to focus without distraction on a cognitively demanding task. It's a skill that allows individuals to quickly master complicated information and produce better results in less time. Newport's concept is predicated on the notion that in an increasingly competitive world, the ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare and, consequently, increasingly valuable. Based on our extensive empirical experience, we share this view entirely.

The following aspects characterize deep work.

  • Intensity of Focus. It requires deliberate practice and sustained attention to tasks that advance one's professional skills.
  • Skill Development. The primary goal is to improve one's professional capabilities.
  • Elimination of Distractions. It necessitates creating an environment where distractions are minimized or eliminated.
  • Cognitive Effort. Tasks that qualify as deep work typically push cognitive abilities to their limit.

Those characteristics, especially the aspect of rational, conscious cognitive effort, are extremely important when it comes to getting started with new material, regardless of the field. When it comes to the Everyoung Health Method, we have often seen how this aspect makes an actual difference when starting our programs.

Comparison to Flow State

The flow state is more about the experience of the activity itself rather than its outcome. Flow is characterized by fluid involvement and enjoyment in the activity process. It is marked by the following.

  • Effortless Attention. Despite the high level of focus, being in flow is typically effortless.
  • Loss of Self-Consciousness. Individuals often lose a sense of self-awareness and become one with the task.
  • Time Distortion. Time may slow down or speed up during flow.
  • Intrinsic Motivation. The activity is its reward; the primary motivation is the enjoyment of the task itself.

3. Principal Differences


We have listed the principle differences between those concepts based on our empirical experience at the Everyoung.com Research Center.

  • Objective. Deep work is goal-oriented, with a focus on productivity and professional improvement. Flow state emphasizes the process and experience itself, often linked to personal satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. Deep work is essential for learning new skills quicker, while flow state can improve performance.
  • Initiation. Deep work requires a conscious effort to engage, including planning and eliminating distractions. Flow can occur spontaneously during activities that one finds engaging and enjoyable.
  • Conscious Effort. Deep work involves a deliberate and often strenuous cognitive effort, while the flow is marked by effortless attention and engagement. However, one should be rather critical regarding the ability to "turn on" the flow state, as there are a variety of techniques that claim to help with that but, based on our experience, are not universally applicable.
  • Outcome vs. Experience. The emphasis in deep work is on the outcome or the completion of tasks that enhance one's skills and capabilities. In contrast, the flow state values the experience and the intrinsic enjoyment of the activity.
  • Sustainability. Engaging in prolonged periods of deep work can be and often is mentally exhausting due to its intensity and the cognitive load required. Flow, while also requiring focus, is energizing and can be sustained for longer due to its intrinsically rewarding nature.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for optimizing mental performance in the context of our interdisciplinary fields.

4. Learning new information


When comparing the concepts of deep work and flow state, particularly in learning new information or skills, deep work often presents as the more effective strategy (at least per our empirical experience at Everyoung.com Research Centre. Additionally, this assertion is grounded in several key aspects related to cognitive processes, environmental structuring, and neurobiological underpinnings.

Cognitive Effort and Active Engagement 

Deep work necessitates a high degree of cognitive effort and active engagement with the material or skill being learned. This intense focus forces the brain to process and synthesize information more deeply, leading to better understanding and retention. The deliberate practice associated with deep work aligns with the principles of desirable difficulties, a concept in cognitive psychology that suggests learning is enhanced when the task demands effortful processing. This kind of effort not only aids in forming more substantial memory traces but also facilitates the development of expert performance over time.

Structured Learning Environment

Deep work advocates for a structured approach to tasks, including learning. Individuals can create an optimal learning environment that promotes the deep cognitive processing necessary to acquire complex skills and information by minimizing distractions and allocating specific blocks of time to focus solely on the task at hand. This structured approach contrasts with the more spontaneous nature of flow states, which, while beneficial for creativity and problem-solving, may only sometimes provide the rigorous framework needed for mastering challenging material.

Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Challenge

From a neurobiological perspective, the demands of deep work on the brain can lead to increased neuroplasticity - the brain's ability to form and reorganize synaptic connections in response to learning and experience. The challenges presented by deep work tasks require the brain to adapt, strengthening pathways associated with the new skills or information being learned. This process is critical for long-term learning and memory consolidation.

Feedback and Correction

Learning new things effectively often involves trial and error, requiring immediate feedback and the opportunity for correction. Deep work sessions focus on detailed feedback mechanisms essential for refining skills and correcting misunderstandings. The immersive nature of deep work enables learners to quickly identify and address errors, facilitating more effective learning strategies and adjustments.

Metacognitive Strategies

Another important aspect is that deep work encourages the use of metacognitive strategies—thinking about one's own learning process. This self-reflective approach allows students of Everyoung Health Method to assess their understanding, identify gaps in their knowledge, and adjust their learning strategies accordingly. By fostering a more conscious and deliberate approach to learning, deep work enhances the learner's ability to integrate new information with existing knowledge, promoting deeper comprehension and skill acquisition.

Therefore, while the flow state offers numerous benefits for engagement and satisfaction in activities, deep work provides a structured, effortful, and feedback-oriented approach that is particularly conducive to the effective learning of new information or skills. The intensity and focus demanded by deep work align with the cognitive and neurobiological processes that underpin successful learning, making it a superior strategy for those seeking to maximize their educational outcomes and professional development in the complex fields of biomedical sciences, metabolism, mewing yoga, physical training, and beyond.

5. Conclusions


While both deep work and flow state play crucial roles in cognitive engagement and performance, it's essential to recognize their distinct applications in skill acquisition and execution. Deep work is the foundation for effective learning, requiring intense focus, deliberate practice, and structured cognitive effort to master new skills or knowledge. This process fosters deep comprehension, enhances neuroplasticity, and facilitates the development of expertise over time.

Conversely, the flow state, characterized by effortless engagement, intrinsic motivation, and a sense of immersion in the task, is best utilized during the performance phase. Once skills have been acquired through deep work, the flow state can enhance creativity, productivity, and enjoyment while executing those skills. However, relying solely on the flow state for skill acquisition may be suboptimal, as more structured cognitive effort and deliberate practice are necessary for effective learning.

Therefore, believing that the flow state alone is the best approach to acquiring new skills is not accurate. While flow-state experiences are valuable for performance, they are built upon the foundation of deep work, which provides the necessary cognitive scaffolding for skill acquisition and mastery. By understanding and leveraging the complementary nature of these states, users of the Everyoung Health Method can optimize their learning processes and maximize their potential for success in diverse fields.
 
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Grant
Monday, Apr 08, 2024

Another very interesting article. I am a reader of the platform and I have to say the content is great!


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